SHC 401 – Construction of Highways: Detailed Procedures for the Construction Phase in Saudi Arabia

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The construction of highways in Saudi Arabia follows stringent standards to ensure durability, safety, and efficiency. The Saudi Highway Code (SHC 401) outlines the key processes involved in the construction phase, covering aspects such as earthworks, stabilization, pavement layers, and quality control. This guide provides an in-depth look at the procedures that govern highway construction under SHC 401.

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Key Phases of Highway Construction

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1. Earthworks

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Earthworks form the foundation of highway construction. This phase involves:

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• Clearing and Grubbing: Removal of vegetation, topsoil, and debris to prepare the site.
• Excavation and Embankment: Cutting or filling soil to create the required road profile.
• Subgrade Preparation: Stabilization of the ground to support the road structure.
• Drainage Implementation: Ensuring proper water runoff through ditches and culverts to prevent erosion.

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2. Stabilization Works

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To enhance the strength and longevity of highways, stabilization methods include:

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• Slope Protection: Using riprap, geotextiles, and concrete barriers to prevent landslides.
• Earth Retaining Structures: Reinforced walls to support road embankments.
• Reinforcement Systems: Techniques like rock grouting and ground anchors to fortify the substructure.

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3. Base and Subbase Layers

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The base layers are critical for ensuring load distribution and road stability. The main processes include:

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• Granular Subbase: A layer of crushed stone or gravel to provide foundational support.
• Treated Base Courses: Use of cement, asphalt, or lime-treated materials to improve strength.
• Recycled Base Courses: Incorporation of reclaimed asphalt and aggregates for sustainability.

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4. Asphalt Pavement Construction

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The asphalt layer ensures a smooth, durable, and weather-resistant road surface. The key elements include:

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• Prime and Tack Coats: Application of bonding agents between layers to enhance adhesion.
• Asphalt Base and Surface Courses: Multiple layers of asphalt are laid and compacted for structural integrity.
• Stone Mastic Asphalt: A high-performance mix used for increased durability in high-traffic areas.

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5. Concrete Pavements

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In some highway projects, concrete is used as an alternative to asphalt. This process includes:

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• Mix Design and Proportioning: Ensuring the right blend of cement, water, and aggregates.
• Placing and Curing: Proper laying and finishing techniques to prevent cracks and enhance durability.
• Joint Sealing: Preventing moisture penetration through expansion and contraction joints.

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Quality Control and Safety Standards

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SHC 401 mandates strict quality control measures, including:

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• Material Testing: Ensuring compliance with AASHTO, ASTM, and SASO standards.
• Construction Monitoring: Regular inspections to maintain adherence to specifications.
• Safety Regulations: Implementing worker safety protocols, traffic management, and environmental considerations.

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Conclusion

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Highway construction in Saudi Arabia under SHC 401 follows a systematic approach to ensure longevity, efficiency, and safety. By adhering to these detailed procedures, contractors can develop robust road networks that support the nation’s infrastructure growth.

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