IRC Code 35: Journey Through Road Markings – Understanding the Types and Their Applications

‍

Road markings serve as silent sentinels of traffic safety—subtle yet powerful. As urbanization expands and vehicle density increases, organized and regulated road use becomes imperative. That’s where IRC Code 35 steps in—the Code of Practice for Road Markings laid out by the Indian Roads Congress (IRC), providing comprehensive guidelines for road markings across India.

‍

Whether you are a civil engineer, traffic planner, or infrastructure stakeholder, understanding the types and roles of road markings can elevate the quality of roadway planning and maintenance. Let’s dive deep into the classifications, materials, specifications, and uses of various road markings as prescribed in IRC:35-2015.

‍

‍

1. Introduction to IRC Code 35:2015

‍

Originally introduced in 1970 and revised in 2015, IRC Code 35 outlines standard practices for road markings that are consistent, clear, and compliant with modern traffic needs. These markings act as:

‍

• Visual guides for lane discipline
• Tools for traffic control
• Safety mechanisms for pedestrians and cyclists

‍

They are indispensable for smooth traffic flow, especially in urban and high-speed environments.

‍

2. Road Marking Materials

‍

IRC Code 35 recognizes several materials based on their performance, application life, and visibility:

‍

2.1 Thermoplastic Markings

‍

• Most widely used
• Applied hot and solidify quickly
• Highly durable and retro-reflective
• Lasts up to 2–3 years

‍

2.2 Solventborne and Waterborne Paints

‍

• Cost-effective and suitable for temporary use
• Easier to remove and environmentally friendly (especially waterborne paints)

‍

2.3 Cold Applied Plastics

‍

• Used for colored or audible markings (e.g., bike lanes)
• Superior color retention and durability

‍

2.4 Preformed Adhesive Tapes

‍

• Quick to install, no drying time
• Ideal for high-traffic areas and temporary markings

‍

3. Color Codes as per IRC Guidelines

‍

Different colors have specific meanings to communicate intent and restriction:

‍

• White: Lane divisions and general guidance

• Yellow: No overtaking zones, parking restrictions

• Blue: Reserved lanes (e.g., bus lanes)

• Green: Non-motorized vehicle lanes (NMT)

• Red/Purple: High-risk or conflict zones (e.g., accident-prone intersections)

‍

4. Classification of Road Markings

‍

IRC Code 35 divides markings into the following categories:

‍

4.1 Longitudinal Markings (LM)

‍

• Runs along the direction of travel

• Types: Broken lines (can be crossed), solid lines (cannot be crossed), double lines (high restriction zones)

‍

4.2 Transverse Markings (TM)

‍

• Lines placed across the road
• Examples: Stop lines, give-way lines

‍

4.3 Hazard Markings (HM)

‍

• Used for diverging/merging traffic
• Includes chevrons, diagonal hatchings

‍

4.4 Block Markings (BM)

‍

• Includes zebra crossings, speed breakers, give-way symbols

‍

4.5 Arrow Markings (AM)

‍

• Direction indicators: turn, straight, bifurcation arrows

‍

4.6 Directional Markings (DM)

‍

• Word-based guidance: ‘SLOW’, ‘STOP’, etc.

‍

4.7 Facility Markings (FM)

‍

• Parking bays, bus stands, loading zones, etc.

‍

5. Visibility and Reflectivity Standards

‍

5.1 Preview Distance

‍

Road markings must be visible from a distance of at least two seconds of travel time. For example, at 80 kmph, the required visibility is 44 meters.

‍

5.2 Retro-Reflectivity

‍

• Achieved through glass beads embedded in markings

• Enhances night-time visibility

• Must comply with retro-reflective luminance standards

‍

6. Road Studs (Cat’s Eyes)

‍

Supplementary to markings, road studs enhance night-time visibility. Types of studs and their applications:

‍

• White: Lane lines and center of carriageway
• Red: Edge lines (left)
• Yellow: Edge lines (median side)
• Green: Entry/exit zones like lay-bys

‍

Proper placement, spacing, and color combinations as per IRC ensure maximum effectiveness.

‍

7. Applications of Markings

‍

Each type of road condition or geometry has its specific marking requirement:

‍

7.1 Road Links

‍

• Center lines for undivided roads
• Lane lines for divided carriageways
• Edge lines for night guidance

‍

7.2 Intersections

‍

• Stop lines, directional arrows, channelizing islands
• ‍

7.3 Speed Reduction Zones

‍

• Markings on speed breakers
• Pedestrian crossings with thermoplastic paint
• Special markings for cyclists and school zones

‍

7.4 Toll Plazas, Bus Bays, and Parking Areas

‍

• Queue channels
• Dedicated lane markings
• Clear zone demarcation

‍

8. Performance Monitoring and Maintenance

‍

IRC Code 35 emphasizes periodic assessment through:

‍

• Skid resistance checks
• Retro-reflectivity measurements
• Durability evaluation
• Maintenance logs and warranties

‍

9. Importance of Uniformity

‍

Uniformity is essential for ensuring driver comprehension and safety. IRC mandates that all markings across India maintain standard dimensions, colors, and layouts. Installation should only be carried out by authorized public agencies.

‍

Conclusion

‍

Understanding and implementing the guidelines laid out in IRC Code 35:2015 is not just about compliance—it's about saving lives, streamlining traffic, and promoting safe, efficient travel. From choosing the right material to deploying the correct marking pattern, each detail contributes to the bigger picture of national road safety.

‍

RoadVision AI is transforming infrastructure development and maintenance by harnessing AI in roads to enhance safety and streamline road management. Using advanced roads AI technology, the platform enables early detection of potholes, cracks, and surface defects through precise pavement surveys, ensuring timely maintenance and optimal road conditions. Committed to building smarter, safer, and more sustainable roads, RoadVision AI aligns with IRC Codes, empowering engineers and stakeholders with data-driven insights that cut costs, reduce risks, and enhance the overall transportation experience.