IRC Code 35: Navigating Safely – The Role of Hazard Markings in Identifying and Avoiding Road Hazards

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Road safety is a critical concern in India’s transportation system, and one of the essential elements contributing to safer roads is proper hazard marking. The Indian Roads Congress (IRC) introduced IRC Code 35:2015 to standardize road markings, ensuring consistency, clarity, and safety across highways and urban streets. This blog explores the importance, types, and applications of hazard markings as specified in IRC Code 35 and how they serve as silent guardians for road users.

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What Is IRC Code 35?

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IRC:35-2015 is a comprehensive guideline titled “Code of Practice for Road Markings (With Paints)” that covers the specifications, design principles, and usage of road markings, particularly focusing on their role in regulating, guiding, and warning road users. Hazard markings, a crucial part of this code, aim to alert drivers about potential obstructions and discourage risky maneuvers in critical zones.

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The Role of Hazard Markings in Road Safety

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Hazard markings act as visual communication tools that:

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• Warn drivers of upcoming obstructions or road alignments

• Indicate zones where overtaking is risky

• Guide vehicles around fixed obstacles

• Improve nighttime visibility and overall navigation

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By clearly delineating hazardous zones, these markings reduce the likelihood of collisions and help maintain a smooth traffic flow even in complex driving environments.

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Where Are Hazard Markings Used?

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According to IRC Code 35:2015, hazard markings are typically applied in the following scenarios:

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• Approaches to fixed objects such as pedestrian refuges, bridge piers, traffic islands, medians, and toll booths

• Sharp curves or sections with poor visibility

• Areas requiring clear demarcation to avoid overtaking or lane changes

• Sections with vertical or horizontal road alignment changes

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Types of Hazard Markings (As Per IRC Code 35)

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Hazard markings take various forms, depending on their function and placement. IRC Code 35 identifies several standardized types:

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1. Chevron Markings

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These consist of diagonal or chevron stripes laid between converging traffic lanes or in front of fixed objects. Chevron markings:

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• Indicate areas that are not meant for vehicle travel

• Guide vehicles to the proper lane path

• Prevent collision with stationary structures

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Specifications:

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• The angle between stripes is usually 45° or 60°

• White or yellow color depending on road type (white for urban, yellow for highways)

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2. Diagonal Stripes Before Obstructions

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To guide vehicles around obstacles, a series of diagonal stripes are painted upstream of the object.

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• Stripe width: Generally 100–150 mm

• Spacing between stripes depends on speed: greater spacing for high-speed roads

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These markings help transition drivers smoothly away from obstructions.

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3. Zebra Markings or Obstruction Markings

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These are placed directly in front of fixed objects such as bridge abutments. They create a visual impression of narrowing and induce caution.

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4. No Overtaking Zones

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Hazard markings often accompany solid lines on stretches where overtaking is dangerous (e.g., curves, hill crests, tunnels).

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Design and Material Guidelines

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IRC Code 35 provides detailed guidance for the application and maintenance of hazard markings:

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• Paint Type: Thermoplastic or cold-applied paints with reflective glass beads for night visibility

• Color Coding:
  • White: Lane demarcation and standard markings
  • Yellow: No overtaking zones, medians
  • Red: Special hazard zones (rare and location-specific)

• Durability: Materials should last 12–18 months under normal traffic conditions

• Application Conditions: Surface must be dry, clean, and above a specified temperature threshold

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Proper application not only ensures longevity but also enhances visibility under varying weather conditions.

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Benefits of Following IRC Code 35 for Hazard Markings

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• Enhanced Driver Awareness: Visually alerts drivers in time to slow down or avoid danger

• Reduced Collision Risks: Proper markings around fixed structures reduce accidental impacts

• Regulated Traffic Movement: Prevents chaotic lane changes or overtaking in sensitive zones

• Improved Night-Time Navigation: Reflective paints make markings visible in low-light conditions

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Implementation Challenges

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While the IRC Code provides a robust framework, implementation faces hurdles:

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• Lack of maintenance and repainting in many regions

• Absence of uniformity across state and local roads

• Weather and wear that fade markings quickly without proper materials

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Solutions include regular audits, use of durable thermoplastic paints, and integration with AI-based road condition monitoring systems.

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Conclusion: The Silent Safety Barrier

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Hazard markings, though often overlooked, play a vital role in proactive road safety. IRC Code 35:2015 ensures that these markings are not left to guesswork but are applied scientifically and uniformly. Whether you're a road engineer, policy maker, or just a daily commuter, understanding the significance of these painted patterns can help foster safer roads for everyone.

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FAQs

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Q1. What are hazard markings in road design?

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Hazard markings are visual indicators used to warn drivers about potential dangers on the road. IRC Code 35 outlines the design and placement of these markings.

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Q2. Why is IRC Code 35 important for hazard marking?

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IRC Code 35 provides technical guidance on identifying and placing hazard markings to reduce road accidents.

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Q3. Where are hazard markings commonly used?

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They are typically used at curves, intersections, and near obstructions as specified in IRC Code 35.

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